![]() ![]() Within Iberian society, wealth could take a variety of forms, sometimes regionally specific. Additionally, the prominent Iberian town of Arse (Roman Saguntum) minted bronze and silver coins from the middle of the fourth century. Further to the south, the Phoenician colonies of Ebusus and Gadir minted bronze coins from the second half of the fourth and early third centuries, respectively. In the north of the Iberian peninsula, the Massiliote Greek colonies of Emporion and Rhode minted mainly silver coins from the mid-fifth and late fourth centuries, respectively. Carthage minted from the mid-4th century, as with the Greek tradition following earlier emissions from Phoenician colonies in Sicily. Non-Greek cities in the Italian Peninsula (including Rome) begin minting in the 4th and early 3rd century. Throughout the western Mediterranean, new coinage traditions appear around the 4th century. Some coins may also have been earned by Iberian mercenaries fighting overseas. These coins were part of a colonial frontier economy in which indigenous towns traded wines, ceramics and finished goods primarily for raw materials: precious metals, wood, food products and perhaps slaves. Small numbers of coins minted in other parts of the Mediterranean had circulated along the eastern coast of Spain perhaps from the sixth century, with an uptick from the fourth century. ![]() Silver drachma of the Greek colony of Emporion, 241-218 BC, CNH 20:15 R: Pegasus right, legend in Greek: 'ΕΜΠΟΡΙΤΩΝ' (Emporion). O: Head Arethusa right, Sicilian style, with three dolphins. ![]() The colonial background: 6th century BC to the Second Punic War (-218 BC) Yet there are also many points of difference that reflect dynamics within Iberia itself. After the cessation of the civic coinages, these Imperial coins were the only coins minted in Iberia until the coins of the Suebi and Visigoths.Īncient Iberia was connected to the eastern and central Mediterranean, and so there are links to the Greek, Roman and Punic ( Carthaginian) civic coinages. Some non-civic coins were minted on behalf of Roman emperors during this period and continued to be minted after the cessation of the civic coinages. Civic coinages - emissions made by individual cities at their own volition - continued under the first two and a half centuries of Roman control until ending in the mid-first century AD. The history of ancient Iberian coinage begins as early as the fifth century BC, but widespread minting and circulation in the Iberian peninsula did not begin until late in the third century, during the Second Punic War. Please contact for more information about this collection, or to request permission to use these images.The spread of minting in Iberia from the fifth century BC to the first century AD (known and likely locations) Responsibility for making an independent legal assessment of an item and securing any necessary permissions ultimately rests with persons desiring to use the item. This collection was digitized by Cornell University Library in 2011 from original materials, with funding from a Digital Collections in Arts and Sciences Grant to Annetta Alexandridis and Verity Platt. The content in the Cornell Collection of Antiquities: Coins Collection (in part Greek and Roman Coin Collection, #8464, Division of Rare and Manuscript Collections) is believed to be in the public domain by virtue of the age of the underlying coins, and is presented by Cornell University Library under the Guidelines for Using Text, Images, Audio, and Video from Cornell University Library Collections. Metadata may not be complete in all cases.ĭivision of Rare and Manuscript Collections, Cornell University Library Collecting Program:Ĭornell Collections of Antiquities Format: Items in the Cornell Coins Collection are meant for inventory and reference purposes Uncertain design in square frame Reverse: ![]()
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